Saturday, March 14, 2020
Wedding Rehearsal Dinner Toast Quotes Page
Wedding Rehearsal Dinner Toast Quotes Page It is the night before the important day. Rehearsal dinners are less formal than the actual wedding dinner. But often, close family members and friends make rehearsal dinner toasts to the bride and groom. With an appropriate choice of words, good rehearsal dinner toasts can set the right mood for the big day. Here are some quotes for rehearsal dinner toasts. Amy TanI am like a falling star who has finally found her place next to another in a lovely constellation, where we will sparkle in the heavens forever. Don ByasYou call it madness, but I call it love. Ralph BlockYoure nothing short of my everything. Robert BrowningGrow old with me! The best is yet to be. Margot AsquithShe tells enough white lies to ice a wedding cake. Roy CroftI love youNot for what you areBut for what I am when I am with you. William Butler YeatsI have spread my dreams under your feetTread softly because you tread on my dreams. The NotebookThe best love is the kind that awakens the soul and makes us reach for more, that plants a fire in our hearts and brings peace to our minds, and thats what youve given me. Thats what I hope to give to you forever. Kahlil GibranMarriage is like a golden ring in a chain, whose beginning is a glance and whose ending is eternity. SophoclesOne word frees us of all the weight and pain of life: that word is love. Cole PorterNight and day you are the one,Only you beneath the moon and under the sun. PlatoAt the touch of love, everyone becomes a poet. PlautusLet us celebrate the occasion with wine and sweet words. Arthur RubinsteinIt took great courage to ask a beautiful young woman to marry me. Believe me, it is easier to play the whole Petrushka on the piano. HomerThere is nothing nobler or more admirable than when two people who see eye to eye keep house as man and wife, confounding their enemies and delighting their friends. Erma BombeckPeople shop for a bathing suit with more care than they do a husband or wife. The rules are the same. Look for something youll feel comfortable wearing. Allow for room to grow. Gwendolyn BrooksWe are each others harvest; we are each others business; we are each others magnitude and bond. Marc ChagallIn our life there is a single color, as on an artists palette, which provides the meaning of life and art. It is the color of love. Langston HughesWhen people care for you and cry for you, they can straighten out your soul. Ogden NashTo keep your marriage brimming, with love in the wedding cup, whenever youââ¬â¢re wrong, admit it; whenever youââ¬â¢re right, shut up. Ronald ReaganThe man who puts into the marriage only half of what he owns will get that out. Ruth Bell GrahamA good marriage is the union of two good forgivers. I Corinthians 13:13There are three things that last: faith, hope, and love, and the greatest of these is love. Maryon PearsonBehind every great man, there is a surprised woman. Walter RauschenbuschWe never live so intensely as when we love strongly. We never realize ourselves so vividly as when we are in full glow of love for others. Lao TzuTo love someone deeply gives you strength. Being loved by someone deeply gives you courage. Antoine de Saint-ExuperyLove does not consist in gazing at each other, but in looking outward together in the same direction. Oscar WildeBigamy is having one wife too many. Monogamy is the same. John Keating, Dead Poets SocietyWe dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race. And the human race is filled with passion. And medicine, law, business, engineering, these are noble pursuits and necessary to sustain life. But poetry, beauty, romance, love, these are what we stay alive for. Beverly NicholsMarriage a book of which the first chapter is written in poetry and the remaining chapters written in prose. Douglas JerroldIn all of the wedding cake, hope is the sweetest of plums. City of AngelsI would rather have had one breath of her hair, one kiss from her mouth, one touch of her hand, than eternity without it.
Thursday, February 27, 2020
Theory-Practice Gap Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Theory-Practice Gap - Research Paper Example This writing will focus on various measures proposed through which the gap between nursing theoretical frame work and practice can be decreased. Body According to a study conducted by Rolfe, the gap between the theory and practice of nursing is majorly caused because theorists of nursing arena have failed to take into account the real life practices of nurses and health care settings (Rolfe, 1993). He further stated that in order to decrease this gap the theorists need to identify and analyze different nursing situations that take place in real life and base their theories on these situations. He went further to develop a praxis in which what ever happens in practice of nursing is first identified and applied to theory and then theory is created, the created theory is learned in nursing educational settings by nursing students and then applied to real life situations when students transform into practitioners. According to Levin, the gap between nursing theory and practice can be dec reased by allowing a clinical practitioner to guide nursing students while they perform practical tasks during their educational sessions (Levin, 2010). Levin further states that the gap between theory and practice can be reduced by altering the learning and teaching system to constructivist approach while students are under the process of clinical practice educational sessions. When this approach is followed students gain new knowledge by gaining information from the past and present. When this kind of learning approach is applied to the field of nursing, nursing students gain experience by doing what they have learned or learn by doing. Sellman states that the gap between theory and practice is created not by theorists or by students, it is created by the authorities who do not allow the students to practice what they have learned through theory (Sellman, 2010). Sellman suggests that in order to decrease the gap between theory and actual practice, practitioners will have to work a ccording to the situation and have to experience that they do not need to rely on theoretical work in order to practice. This means that nursing students should not try to locate the rationale behind a particular incident taking place; instead they should focus on the cause and effect of practice. While practicing, they should not apply theory, instead they should learn through experience. Wilson in a report named Bridging the theory practice gap states that nursing students experience a gap between what they have learned and what they are practicing because they do not apply what they learn during their educational settings (Wilson, 2008). For this purpose Wilson proposed that while students are under the learning stage they should practice and they should be allowed to practice as nurses. While they will be practicing they will learn through experience and continuous communication with other nursing staff will assist them in gaining more knowledge. This means that students should be allowed to practice with senior nurses as this will help them learn more as they observe other practitioners. This will even assist the health care settings in having enough nursing staff while the demand for nurses are high. Brake in her study states that the gap between nursing practice and theory is caused because nursing students do not attend any other educational arenas other than their own educational setti
Tuesday, February 11, 2020
Management strategy of Apple Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Management strategy of Apple - Case Study Example This research will begin with the presentation of the threat of new entrants. Even though there are great opportunities for emerging companies to compete in the personal computer industry, it is controlled by the five super powers; Apple, Sony, HP, Dell, and Gateway. Hence, Apple plays in an oligopolistic market environment. Probably, the significant challenge to the industry would be a large number of mergers and buyouts prevailing among these industrial movers. They are able to bring together their cost on research and development in order to gain an advantage over others. This process leads to greater competition between the smaller organizations which try to create superior products and bigger companies which generally take up the smaller ones to develop their competitive edge. Implementation of anti-trust agreements within the computer industry does not allow imposters to introduce products of similar types into the market, and so the threat of substitute products and services i s not significant within the industry. On the other hand, the issue that creates a greater threat is the global production of computers. Today, the United States of America is the leader in producing computers in the industry with Japan and Europe as the other key players in the industry. Unlike the other industries where suppliers hold a power over the manufacturers, the computer industry allows the manufacturers to hold a significant amount of power over suppliers. Here the suppliers are competitive in order to maintain exclusive association with the manufactures for supplying their products. And so, they are always forced to adjust their prices or associate with larger firms for surviving the competition. 4. The threat of the bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of buyers determines the effect that a companyââ¬â¢s customers can have on the profitability of the business. Even though the computer industry is getting harder day by day, customers do not possess a greater bargaining power, and hence that does not drastically impact the industry. 5. Industry Rivalry When observing the computer industry with regard to the industry rivalry, it is found that the above said five leading manufacturers are in competition to bring out the most efficient and least expensive machines. Strategic Group Mapping Firms belonging to same strategic group will be having two or more competitive characteristics in common, like selling in same price/quality range, covering same geographic areas, being vertically integrated to same degree, having comparable product line breadth, etc. Obviously, as Huff, Floyd, Sherman and Terjesen (cited in executivemanagementskills.com) point out, firms operating under the same strategic group may possess some common competitive features such as pricing policies, product diversification, and level of vertical integration. Following is the strategic group map for the computer industry (see figure 1). Strategic Group Map (Figure 1. Source: Bamford and West, 123). 2. Appleââ¬â¢s Strategy Apple uses a corporate-level of strategy of competing on many different levels. As Boddie states, Apple follows a comprehensive corporate level strategy through which it competes on different levels.
Friday, January 31, 2020
SUMMARY OF Indolence of the Filipinos Essay Example for Free
SUMMARY OF Indolence of the Filipinos Essay The essay itself originally appeared in the Filipino forthrightly review, La Solidaridad, of Madrid, in five installments, running from July 15 to September 15, 1890. It was a continuation of Rizals campaign of education in which he sought by blunt truths to awaken his countrymen to their own faults at the same time that he was arousing the Spaniards to the defects in Spains colonial system that caused and continued such shortcomings. (Craig, 1913) PART 1 ï⠧ indolence ââ¬â misused in the sense of little love for work and lack of energy ï⠧ indolence does exist among the Filipinos ï⠧ examine the causes based on facts before proposing a remedy ï⠧ climate ââ¬â factor for being indolent o ââ¬Å"A hot, climate requires of the individual quiet and rest, just as cold incites to labor and action. â⬠o ââ¬Å"A man can live in any climate, if he will only adapt himself to its requirements and conditions.â⬠ï⠧ Working hours of Filipinos (tenants) vs. Spanish Official and Landlords ï⠧ Tendency to indolence is very natural. ï⠧ Effect of misgovernment PART 2 ï⠧ analogy of physician( friars, Spanish government) , patient(Philippines), illness (indolence) ï⠧ indolence as a chronic illness o ââ¬Å"Indolence in the Philippines is a chronic malady, but not a hereditary oneâ⬠Before the arrival of Spaniards, Malayan Filipinos raised on an active trade, not only among themselves but also with other neighboring countries (evidence that Filipinos were not indolent) ï⠧ an illness will worsen if the wrong treatment is given. ï⠧ ââ¬Å"How is it that the Filipino people, so fond of its customs as to border on routine, has given up its ancient habits of work, of trade, of navigation, etc., even to the extent of completely forgetting its past?â⬠PART 3 ï⠧ enumerates several reasons that may have caused the Filipinos cultural and economic corruption ï⠧ wars: conflict among Spaniards, natives and Moros ï⠧ invasion of Pirates o Results: diminished number of native Filipinos ï⠧ forced labor : Filipinos were sent abroad to fight for Spain or shipyards to construct vessels ï⠧ Some Filipinos hide in the forest and mountains and abandoned their farm lands (because of fear) ï⠧ ââ¬Å"Still they struggled a long time against indolence, yes: but their enemies were so numerous that at last they gave up! PART 4 ï⠧ï⬠ïâ ïâ Cut-off of trading ï⠧ Monopoly ï⠧ Abuse of land lords (ecnomenderos) o Permission to labor (KASAMA System) ï⠧ Absence of encouragement from the government o no aid for poor crops o does not seek market for its products ï⠧ Wrong teaching: o Why work? If the rich man will not go to heaven. o False teaching of church o Gambling ââ¬â promise of sudden wealth ï⠧ Discrimination on education ï⠧ Spaniards insisted to Filipinos: o ââ¬Å"The Filipino is convinced that to get happiness it is necessary for him to lay aside his dignity as a rational creature, to attend mass, to believe what is told him, to pay what is demanded of him, to pay and forever to pay; to work, suffer and be silent, without aspiring to anything, without aspiring to know or even to understand Spanish,without separating himself from his carabao, as the priests shamelessly say, without protesting against any injustice, against any arbitrary action, against an assault, against an insult; that is, not to have heart, brain or spirit: a creature with arms and a purse full of gold theres the ideal native!â⬠ï⠧ Yet Filipinos still have inspirations, he thinks and strive to rise. PART 5 ï⠧ causes of indolence can be reduced to two factors(emerged from the people) o limited training and education of Filipino native â⬠¢ developed inferiority o lack of a national sentiment of unity among them â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"A man in the Philippines is only an individual; he is not a member of a nation.â⬠ï⠧ education and liberty is the key to solve this issue. The Indolence of the Filipinos: Analysis La Indolencia de los Filipinos, more popularly known in its English version, The Indolence of the Filipinos, is a exploratory essay written by Philippine national hero Dr. Jose Rizal, to explain the alleged idleness of his people during the Spanish colonization. SUMMARY. The Indolence of the Filipinos is a study of the causes why the people did not, as was said, work hard during the Spanish regime. Rizal pointed out that long before the coming of the Spaniards, the Filipinos were industrious and hardworking. The Spanish reign brought about a decline in economic activities because of certain causes: First, the establishment of the Galleon Trade cut off all previous associations of the Philippines with other countries in Asia and the Middle East. As a result, businesswas only conducted with Spain through Mexico. Because of this, the small businessesand handicraft industries that flourished during the pre-Spanish period gradually disappeared. Second, Spain also extinguished the nativesââ¬â¢ love of work because of the implementation of forced labor. Because of the wars between Spain and other countries in Europe as well as the Muslims in Mindanao, the Filipinos were compelled to work in shipyards, roads, and other public works, abandoning agriculture, industry, and commerce. Third, Spain did not protect the people against foreign invaders and pirates. With no arms to defend themselves, the natives were killed, their houses burned, and their lands destroyed. As a result of this, the Filipinos were forced to become nomads, lost interest in cultivating their lands or in rebuilding the industries that were shut down, and simply became submissive to the mercy of God. Fourth, there was a crooked system of education, if it was to be considered aneducation. What was being taught in the schools were repetitive prayers and other things that could not be used by the students to lead the country to progress. There were no courses in Agriculture, Industry, etc., which were badly needed by thePhilippines during those times. Fifth, the Spanish rulers were a bad example to despise manual labor. The officials reported to work at noon and left early, all the while doing nothing in line with their duties. The women were seen constantly followed by servants who dressed them and fanned them ââ¬â personal things which they ought to have done for themselves. Sixth, gambling was established and widely propagated during those times. Almost everyday there were cockfights, and during feast days, the government officials and friars were the first to engange in all sorts of bets and gambles. Seventh, there was a crooked system of religion. The friars taught the naà ¯ve Filipinos that it was easier for a poor man to enter heaven, and so they preferred not to work and remain poor so that they could easily enter heaven after they died. Lastly, the taxes were extremely high, so much so that a huge portion of what they earned went to the government or to the friars. When the object of their labor was removed and they were exploited, they were reduced to inaction. Rizal admitted that the Filipinos did not work so hard because they were wise enough to adjust themselves to the warm, tropical climate. ââ¬Å"An hourââ¬â¢s work under that burning sun, in the midst of pernicious influences springing from nature in activity, is equal to a dayââ¬â¢s labor in a temperate climate.â⬠ANALYSIS It is important to note that indolence in the Philippines is a chronic malady, but not a hereditary one. Truth is, before the Spaniards arrived on these lands, the natives were industriously conducting business with China, Japan, Arabia, Malaysia, and other countries in the Middle East. The reasons for this said indolence were clearly stated in the essay, and were not based only on presumptions, but were grounded on fact taken from history. Another thing that we might add that had caused this indolence, is the lack of unity among the Filipino people. In the absence of unity and oneness, the people did not have the power to fight the hostile attacks of the government and of the other forces of society. There would also be no voice, no leader, to sow progress and to cultivate it, so that it may be reaped in due time. In such a condition, the Philippines remained a country that was lifeless, dead, simply existing and not living. As Rizal stated in conclusion, ââ¬Å"a man in the Philippines is an individual; he is not merely a citizen of a country.â⬠It can clearly be deduced from the writing that the cause of the indolence attributed to our race is Spain: When the Filipinos wanted to study and learn, there were no schools, and if there were any, they lacked sufficient resources and did not present more useful knowledge; when the Filipinos wanted to establish their businesses, there wasnââ¬â¢t enough capital nor protection from the government; when the Filipinos tried to cultivate their lands and establish various industries, they were made to pay enormous taxes and were exploited by the foreign rulers. It is not only the Philippines, but also other countries, that may be called indolent, depending on the criteria upon which such a label is based. Man cannot work without resting, and if in doing so he is considered lazy, they we could say that all men are indolent. One cannot blame a country that was deprived of its dignity, to have lost its will to continue building its foundation upon the backs of its people, especially when the fruits of their labor do not so much as reach their lips. When we spend our entire lives worshipping such a cruel and inhumane society, forced upon us by aliens who do not even know our motherland, we are destined to tire after a while. We are not fools, we are not puppets who simply do as we are commanded ââ¬â we are human beings, who are motivated by our will towards the accomplishment of our objectives, and who strive for the preservation of our race. When this fundamental aspect of our existence is denied of us, who can blame us if we turn idle?
Thursday, January 23, 2020
Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Fate and
Oedipus Rex, Fate, and the Modern Worldà à à à à In the two thousand since ââ¬Å"Oedipus Rexâ⬠was written, it has been analyzed and dissected innumerable times and in every possible way.à Usually the analysis has been within the context of the play itself or within the context of other Greek tragedies.à Perhaps it would be more relevant and interesting to evaluate the play within the context of the modern world. à à à à à à à à In his play Sophocles brings up many questions which are not easily answered.à Does man ha free will? What responsibilities does a man have for his own actions? Should the inferior human intellect and poor human reasoning be placed above obedience to oneââ¬â¢s God or gods? à à à à à à à à Neither Sophocles nor the Greeks originated these questions.à Thousands of years before the time of the Greeks man worried that his life, and therefore his fate, was determined by very powerful gods.à Hence much time and energy was spent praying and asking the gods to utilize divine intervention to provide better hunting, weather, food, and other forms of good fortune. à à à à à à à à Thousands of years of superstition and spiritual worship evolved into Greeksââ¬â¢ religion, which was based on mythology and the belief that gods of the Olympus controlled the lives of men.à Sophocles brings to light the Greeksââ¬â¢ beliefs in several scenes as the gods are consulted through the oracles.à In one scene, Iokaste tells Oedipus that an oracle told Laios that his doom would be death at the hands of his own son.à à à His son born of his flesh and mine (II. 214-220).à Iokaste and Laios had asked an oracle about their babyââ¬â¢s future (Oedipus) to have better understanding of the childââ¬â¢s fate.à Upon receiving this information, and realizing the tragic destiny o... ...learn there, I f he can, What act or pledge of mine may save the city. (II. 72-77) à à à à à à à à As the Greeks did two thousand years ago, the Indians of Guatemala do today.à Oracles are consulted about every important event in their life.à Not only do they go to their future, they also make many futile attempts to change their destiny by offering food, money, alcohol or cigars to Maximon, Culiatlec, Kielem, or whatever god they believe to have the strongest powers.à Without access to resources or education, the Mayan Indian is destined to work his small plot of land and barely survive on a diet of beans and tortillas.à He will dye young from hard work just as his father, grand father, and every other ancestor since the beginning of time.à If he tries to change his fate by taking up arms against his oppressor, he will dye even younger.à In the same wayà à Ã
Tuesday, January 14, 2020
Does ââ¬ËPascalââ¬â¢s Wagerââ¬â¢ Provide a Convincing Argument for Belief in God? Essay
Published in 1670 and named after French philosopher and mathematician Blaise Pascal; the philosophical theory of Pascalââ¬â¢s Wager reasons that to believe in God is a decision made in a time of uncertainty. The Wager also explains that whether or not God exists, we can estimate the outcome; an infinite reward or an infinite punishment. This suggests that the rational choice to live as if God exists is the better of the possible choices; yet, through reason alone, one cannot come to the knowledge of Godââ¬â¢s existence. Many peopleââ¬â¢s beliefs may be in their own interest to hold, thinking, if we plan for the future it will pay off in the long run; or in other cases, we explain why somebody holds a belief by appealing to its causes. This being said, the idea of the Wager is deciding whether or not to believe in God and to consider the expected outcome for each of these options. I think that Pascalââ¬â¢s Wager is supposedly meant to provide reasons which would persuade any rational person that they should believe in God. However, I donââ¬â¢t think it is a valid argument, although it is convincing. The argument of Pascalââ¬â¢s Wager can be used for any God at all, so what happens if you pick the wrong God? Who is to say this God actually rewards belief and punishes those who do not believe? If we supposedly were to pick a god and it does exist, wonââ¬â¢t this omniscient god know that we only believe just to be safe? Would our outcome still be an infinite reward, or would we not be rew arded for our fake belief? I donââ¬â¢t think we can be guaranteed any specific outcome, such as an infinite reward or infinite punishment, because if you believed in a god because you wanted to have chance on your side, then the God would know this, and would know that your belief was not real. The belief in God relies on assuming that the god described is real and has those characteristics. The argument of Pascalââ¬â¢s Wager begins with an assumption, and then appeals the same supposition as its conclusion. You have to believe this assumption in order to believe in God and if you do not believe the primary assumption about God already, then the argument should not convince you. Therefore, if there is no God, no afterlife, no continuation and you wasted your time maiming yourself and your kids, eating a restricted diet or giving your time to faking a belief in God, you have missed a lot in the only life you have. The only certain result of Pascalââ¬â¢s Wager is that one will pretend to believe, which is all one can do if they do not really believe. Yet, if there is a god, he would know that you are faking it so you would go to hell anyway. The Wager gives us an option to believe in God in times of uncertainty; suppose your dog who you love dearly lay next to you close to dying, and the vet offers to try a new drug to cure the dog, however, could not guarantee treatment. The drug has a 50-50 chance of saving your adored dogââ¬â¢s life. Would it be sensible to try it, even if it cost a bit of money? Supposing it was free, it would be unreasonable not to try it and reasonable to try it. This is an example understanding the Wager in a time of doubt and uncertainty; to believe in God not because your reason can prove with certainty that it is true that God exists but because your will pursues happiness, and God is your only chance of attaining happiness eternally. In my opinion, the argument of Pascalââ¬â¢s Wager, is not a valid argument, however, it is a convincing one. When you first hear Pascalââ¬â¢s Wager, it sounds good, but in fact, it depends on whether an individual chooses to believe.. Most disbelievers, such as me, question the Wager purely because we know of no persuasive evidence or reasons to believe; maybe proving the argument or showing some good evidence might convince unbelievers. To say it is in someoneââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëbest interestââ¬â¢ to believe in God is completely unsound, especially considering someone cannot sincerely choose to believe in something, just because it is rationally logical to do so. If you said all the right prayers and attended church on a regular basis, that still would not be the same thing as truly believing, any omnipotent, omniscient, omnibenevolent God would see straight through that. . I do not think by act of will, that you can force yourself to believe that God exists. This argument is logically invalid, but people are afraid of an infinite punishment, or the final outcome of choosing to believe in god, therefore are easily convinced by rationally unsound arguments.
Monday, January 6, 2020
Definition and Examples of Postmodifiers in English
In English grammar, a postmodifier is aà modifier that follows the word or phrase it limits or qualifies. Modification by a postmodifier is called postmodification.à As discussed below, there are many different types of postmodifiers, but the most common are prepositional phrases and relative clauses. As noted by Douglas Biber et al., Premodifiers and postmodifiers are distributed in the same way across registers: rare in conversation, very common in informational writing (Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English, 2002). Guerra and Insua point out that, in general, postmodifiers are longer than premodifiers, which underlines the adequacy of end-weight (Enlarging Noun Phrases Little by Little inà A Mosaic of Corpus Linguistics, 2010). Examples and Observations The woman in the window seat asked the flight attendant for two little bottles of white wine.Carter Hallam was a jolly, easy-going fellow whom everybody knew and everybody liked.In a farm-house in Sussex are preserved two skulls from Hastings Priory.I was born in a farmhouse that stood on a pretty heath in Sussex.The decision to erect a statue was made on the basis of a vote taken by a show of hands in the assembly.We needed a boat big enough to haul supplies to the campsite.Sarahs office was ransacked by persons unknown.ââ¬â¹ Four Types of Postmodification Postmodification can be one of four types: a preposition with a further nominal group (a prepositional phrase): the boy in the garden...;a non-finite clause: the boy walking down the road...;a dependent clause which may be introduced by a relative pronoun or simply attached directly to the nominal it modifies: the who was walking...;occasionally, an adjective:...and other things interesting. (David Crystal, Prosodic Systems and Intonation in English. Cambridge University Press, 1976)Three Major Types of Non-Finite Postmodifying Clauses There are three major types of non-finite postmodifying clauses: ing-clauses, ed-clauses, and to-clauses. The first two types are also called participle clauses, and the third is also called an infinitive clause or a to-infinitive clause.Participle clauses as postmodifiers always have subject gap positions. They can often be paraphrased as aà relative clause: a letter written by a member of the public (ACAD)compare: a letter which has been written by a member of the publicyoung families attending the local clinic (NEWS)compare: families who are attending the local clinic In contrast, to-clause postmodifiers can have either subject or non-subject gaps: Subject gap:à I havent got friends to beat him up though (CONV)Compare: Friends will beat him upNon-subject gap:I had a little bit to eat (CONV) direct object: I ate a little bitIll remember which way to go (CONV) direction adverbial: I can go that wayGet angry! Weve both got a lot to be angry about. (FICT) complement of preposition: We are angry about a lotAs these examples show. most non-finite clauses do not have a stated subject. However, with to-clauses, the subject is sometimes expressed in a for- phrase:à Really now is the time for you to try and go. (Douglas Biber, Susan Conrad, and Geoffrey Leech, Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Pearson, 2002) Postmodification PPs and NPs In postmodification there is in principle no limit to the length of NPs. The occurrence of subordinate PPs is very common, and it is important to distinguish cases like: (25) (the girl (by the table (with the carved legs)))(26) (the girl (by the table (with the sunburnt legs))). In (25) one PP postmodifies girl, and the other PP is subordinate to it, postmodifying table. In (26), however, both PPs postmodify girl--it is the legs of the girl, not the legs of the table, that we are discussing. (Geoffrey Leech, Margaret Deuchar, and Robert Hoogenraad, English Grammar for Today: A New Introduction, 2nd ed. Palgrave Macmillan, 2006)
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